Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech: Learn with definition, types definitions, examples, exercises.
Parts of Speech | Definitions Types and Examples
Definition Parts and Kinds of Speech:
A word of English that we speak, listen to, read or write is a part of any sentence. This part is known as Part of Speech or we can say it is a Part of Sentence. These parts are divided into different types according to their meanings and position in sentences.
Parts of Speech: Definitions Types and Examples
The Noun (Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech):
It is the name of a person, a place, or a thing. Normally it comes at the start of a sentence and also in the form of an object. The noun can be common, proper, abstract etc.
Examples:
Smith works at an insurance corporation.
In the above sentence, both Smith and insurance corporations are nouns having different positions in the same sentences.
The Pronoun (Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech)
A word that is used in the place of a noun, called pronoun. A pronoun can be subjective, possessive, or objective. We use pronouns in the place of a noun when the same noun comes repeatedly.
Examples:
A mobile is a very important invention. It has made life very simple. It is used in almost every field of life.
The Adjective (Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech):
The word which qualifies a noun or a pronoun, called an adjective. Usually, it comes after the helping verb in a sentence or depends.
Examples:
It is beautiful flower.
He is an intelligent student.
The Verb(Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech):
It is an action word or denotes “being, having, doing or state”, decides the tense whether it is in present, past or future. It comes right after the subject (noun, pronoun) and can be in first, second, third or -ing form. Sometimes, the verb also come at the start of the sentence like in optative sentences.
Examples:
She looks pretty.
He runs a finance company.
Speak the truth.
Wish you a successful season.
The Helping Verb:
It comes right after the subject (noun, pronoun). It is an important part of speech as it is used to make a sentence negative, interrogative, and interro-negative. In interrogative and interro-negative sentences, it comes at the start of the sentence.
Examples:
He is the managing director in an insurance organization.
They are performing their duties.
Are you doing the job?
The Adverb:
A word that qualifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. The position of the adverb in a sentence depends upon the type of adverb.
Examples:
An almost ugly girl was dancing.
He turned quickly.
The Preposition (Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech):
A word showing the relation or connection of a noun or pronoun with a noun or pronoun is called the preposition. It comes before a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
The cat is under the chair.
He is running on the roof.
The thief was in the room.
The Conjunction (Parts and Kinds of Sentence/Speech):
The word that joins words, phrases, or sentences is known as the conjunction.
Examples:
Ricky Ponting and Steve are batting.
She went to the market but did not buy anything.
The Interjection:
A word or a sound which expresses sudden feelings or emotions is called interjection.
Examples:
Alas! I have failed.
Hurrah! We have won.
There are two kinds of sentences.
1. Construction Wise
2. Meaning Wise
Construction Wise Kinds of Sentence
There are three types.
1.Simple Sentence:
A simple sentence consists of one basic verb and expresses one thought. If we discuss this type of sentence in a formula then it will be as follow:
S + V + O
S= Subject
V= Verb
O= Object
Example:
It rained heavily.
I live in London.
He works in an insurance corporation.
2.Compound Sentence:
It contains more than one co-ordinate clause joined by co-ordinate conjunctions. It expresses two or more thoughts.
Example:
1.He went abroad last month but returned the next week.
2.I shall go to the market and see my friend there.
The significance of this sentence is that we can convert it into two sentences by breaking it. So, we can break the above-mentioned sentences into two as follow:
He went abroad last month. He returned the next week.
I shall go to market. He will see my friend there.
3.Complex Sentence:
It consists of one principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses. It also expresses two or more thoughts.
Let us learn the Principal Clause and the Subordinate Clause.
The principal clause is defined as it is an independent clause that keeps alive without the subordinate clause.
A subordinate Clause is defined as it is a dependent clause and cannot exist without a principal clause.
Examples:
He was contented although he was poor.
Principal Clause Subordinate Clause
Meaning Wise Kinds of Sentence
Meaning-wise, there are five kinds of sentences.
1. Assertive Sentences:
These types of sentences consist of a simple statement, news or information of facts about something. It can be positive or negative.
1.1 Positive Sentences:
It simply affirms or tells us something.
Example:
We go to college on foot.
I have joined an insurance company.
The first inning of the match has been completed.
1.2 Negative Sentences
It denies something.
Examples:
I have not completed my work yet.
He does not pay attention to my advice.
They will not pay him.
2. Interrogative Sentences:
In such sentences, a question is asked. These sentences are started with helping verbs or question words and ended with a question mark (?).
These questions starting from a helping verb are known as single question sentences whereas the sentences that start from question words( what, when, who, where, why, how, etc), which are called double question sentences.
Examples:
Have you called him yesterday? (Double Question Sentence)
Will he play the match? (Single Question Sentence)
3. Imperative Sentences:
These sentences show or express order, command, request, advice, proposal or prohibition.
Examples:
Do your duty.
Complete your assignment.
Walk on your side.
4. Exclamatory Sentences:
It expresses some sudden actions like feelings of joy, sorrow, surprise, or wonder.
Examples:
Hurrah! We have passed the services test. (Joy)
Bravo! I have achieved my target. (Joy)
Aha! We have won the first prize. (Joy)
Alas! They have lost their money. (Sorrow)
Oh! He could not get through the exam. (Sorrow)
Ahh! They met an accident. (Sorrow)
What a lovely scene of nature! (Surprise)
How beautiful a bird is this! (Surprise)
Wow! What a short he played! (Surprise)
5. Optative Sentences:
Optative sentences show some desire, pray or curse.
Examples:
Would that I have succeeded! (Desire)
Would that I have had a new car! (Desire)
May I have passed the English lecturer test! (Pray)
May they live long! (Pray)
May he failed! (Curse)
May you go to hell! (Curse)